Chemical Carcinogenesis and Cancers.

Environmental carcinogenesis and cancers.

I. T H E N A T U R E AND SCOPE OF E N V I R O N M E N T A L CANCER HAZARDS Almost ~00 years have passed since the first environmental carcinogen, coal soot, was recognized as the cause of cancer of the human skin. The environmental carcinogenic spectrum composed of accepted, suspected, and potentially carcinogenic agents present in the natural and artificial human environment has grown consider...

Environmental and chemical carcinogenesis.

People are continuously exposed exogenously to varying amounts of chemicals that have been shown to have carcinogenic or mutagenic properties in experimental systems. Exposure can occur exogenously when these agents are present in food, air or water, and also endogenously when they are products of metabolism or pathophysiologic states such as inflammation. It has been estimated that exposure to...

Chemical carcinogenesis.

The use of chemical compounds benefits society in a number of ways. Pesticides, for instance, enable foodstuffs to be produced in sufficient quantities to satisfy the needs of millions of people, a condition that has led to an increase in levels of life expectancy. Yet, at times, these benefits are offset by certain disadvantages, notably the toxic side effects of the chemical compounds used. E...

Chemical Carcinogenesis and Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Thresholds in chemical carcinogenesis.

It is common practice to base carcinogenic risk assessment on the view that there is no threshold for chemical carcinogenesis. In this context, the threshold is defined as a dose below which no effects are observed. Analysis of epidemiological and experimental data on chemical carcinogenesis confirms that no thresholds have been demonstrated in human or animal studies, including the ED01 study ...